API Verbose Reference

This page gives the full documentation for each function and object. Refer back to API Quick Reference for context and logical groupings.

exception h3.H3BaseException

Base H3 exception class.

Concrete subclasses of this class correspond to specific error codes from the C library.

Base/abstract subclasses will have h3_error_code = None, while concrete subclasses will have h3_error_code equal to their associated C library error code.

exception h3.H3CellInvalidError

exception h3.H3DirEdgeInvalidError

exception h3.H3DomainError

exception h3.H3DuplicateInputError

exception h3.H3FailedError

exception h3.H3GridNavigationError

exception h3.H3LatLngDomainError

exception h3.H3MemoryAllocError

exception h3.H3MemoryBoundsError

exception h3.H3MemoryError

exception h3.H3NotNeighborsError

exception h3.H3OptionInvalidError

exception h3.H3PentagonError

exception h3.H3ResDomainError

exception h3.H3ResMismatchError

class h3.H3Shape

Abstract parent class of LatLngPoly and LatLngMultiPoly.

exception h3.H3UndirEdgeInvalidError

exception h3.H3ValueError

exception h3.H3VertexInvalidError

class h3.LatLngMultiPoly(*polys)

Container for multiple LatLngPoly polygons.

polys

List of lat/lng points describing the outer loop of the polygon

Type:

list[LatLngPoly]

class h3.LatLngPoly(outer, *holes)

Container for loops of lat/lng points describing a polygon, possibly with holes.

outer

List of lat/lng points describing the outer loop of the polygon

Type:

list[tuple[float, float]]

holes

List of loops of lat/lng points describing the holes of the polygon

Type:

list[list[tuple[float, float]]]

Examples

A polygon with a single outer ring consisting of 4 points, having no holes:

>>> LatLngPoly(
...     [(37.68, -122.54), (37.68, -122.34), (37.82, -122.34), (37.82, -122.54)],
... )
<LatLngPoly: [4]>

The same polygon, but with one hole consisting of 3 points:

>>> LatLngPoly(
...     [(37.68, -122.54), (37.68, -122.34), (37.82, -122.34), (37.82, -122.54)],
...     [(37.76, -122.51), (37.76, -122.44), (37.81, -122.51)],
... )
<LatLngPoly: [4/(3,)]>

The same as above, but with one additional hole, made up of 5 points:

>>> LatLngPoly(
...     [(37.68, -122.54), (37.68, -122.34), (37.82, -122.34), (37.82, -122.54)],
...     [(37.76, -122.51), (37.76, -122.44), (37.81, -122.51)],
...     [(37.71, -122.43), (37.71, -122.37), (37.73, -122.37), (37.75, -122.41),
...      (37.73, -122.43)],
... )
<LatLngPoly: [4/(3, 5)]>

property loopcode

Short code for describing the length of the outer loop and each hole

Example: [382/(18, 6, 6)] indicates an outer loop of 382 points, along with 3 holes with 18, 6, and 6 points, respectively.

Example: [15] indicates an outer loop of 15 points and no holes.

exception h3.UnknownH3ErrorCode

Indicates that the h3-py Python bindings have received an unrecognized error code from the C library.

This should never happen. Please report if you get this error.

Note that this exception is outside of the H3BaseException class hierarchy.

h3.are_neighbor_cells(h1, h2)

Returns True if h1 and h2 are neighboring cells.

Parameters:

• h1 (H3Cell)

• h2 (H3Cell)

Return type:

bool

h3.average_hexagon_area(res, unit='km^2')

Return the average area of an H3 hexagon for the given resolution.

This average excludes pentagons.

Parameters:

• res (int) – H3 resolution

• unit (str) – Unit for area result ('km^2', 'm^2', or 'rads^2')

Return type:

float

h3.average_hexagon_edge_length(res, unit='km')

Return the average hexagon edge length for the given resolution.

This average excludes pentagons.

Parameters:

• res (int) – H3 resolution

• unit (str) – Unit for length result ('km', 'm', or 'rads')

Return type:

float

h3.cell_area(h, unit='km^2')

Compute the spherical surface area of a specific H3 cell.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• unit (str) – Unit for area result ('km^2', 'm^2', or 'rads^2')

Return type:

The area of the H3 cell in the given units

Notes

This function breaks the cell into spherical triangles, and computes their spherical area. The function uses the spherical distance calculation given by great_circle_distance().

h3.cell_to_boundary(h)

Return tuple of lat/lng pairs describing the cell boundary.

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Return type:

tuple of (lat, lng) tuples

h3.cell_to_center_child(h, res=None)

Get the center child of a cell at some finer resolution.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• res (int or None, optional) – The resolution for the child cell If None, then res = resolution(h) + 1

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.cell_to_child_pos(child, res_parent)

Child position index of given cell, with respect to its parent at res_parent.

The reverse operation can be done with child_pos_to_cell.

Parameters:

• child (H3Cell)

• res_parent (int)

Returns:

Integer index of the child with respect to parent cell.

Return type:

int

h3.cell_to_children(h, res=None)

Children of a cell as an unordered collection.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• res (int or None, optional) – The resolution for the children. If None, then res = resolution(h) + 1

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.cell_to_children_size(h, res=None)

Number of children at resolution res of given cell.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• res (int or None, optional) – The resolution for the children. If None, then res = resolution(h) + 1

Returns:

Count of children

Return type:

int

h3.cell_to_latlng(h)

Return the center point of an H3 cell as a lat/lng pair.

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Returns:

• lat (float) – Latitude

• lng (float) – Longitude

h3.cell_to_local_ij(origin, h)

Return local (i,j) coordinates of cell h in relation to origin cell

Parameters:

• origin (H3Cell) – Origin/central cell for defining i,j coordinates.

• h (H3Cell) – Destination cell whose i,j coordinates we’d like, based off of the origin cell.

Return type:

Tuple (i, j) of integer local coordinates of cell h

Notes

The origin cell does not define (0, 0) for the IJ coordinate space. (0, 0) refers to the center of the base cell containing origin at the resolution of origin. Subtracting the IJ coordinates of origin from every cell would get you the property of (0, 0) being the origin.

This is done so we don’t need to keep recomputing the coordinates of origin if not needed.

h3.cell_to_parent(h, res=None)

Get the parent of a cell.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• res (int or None, optional) – The resolution for the parent If None, then res = resolution(h) - 1

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.cell_to_vertex(h, vertex_num)

Return a (specified) vertex of an H3 cell.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• vertex_num (int) – Vertex number (0-5)

Return type:

The vertex

h3.cell_to_vertexes(h)

Return a list of vertexes of an H3 cell. The list will be of length 5 for pentagons and 6 for hexagons.

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Return type:

A list of vertexes

h3.cells_to_directed_edge(origin, destination)

Create an H3 Index denoting a unidirectional edge.

The edge is constructed from neighboring cells origin and destination.

Parameters:

• origin (H3Cell)

• destination (H3Cell)

Raises:

ValueError – When cells are not adjacent.

Return type:

H3Edge

h3.cells_to_geo(cells, tight=True)

Convert from cells to a __geo_interface__ dict.

Parameters:

• cells (iterable of H3 Cells)

• tight (bool) – When True, returns an LatLngPoly when possible. When False, always returns an LatLngMultiPoly.

Returns:

in __geo_interface__ format

Return type:

dict

h3.cells_to_h3shape(cells, *, tight=True)

Return an H3Shape describing the area covered by a collection of H3 cells. Will return LatLngPoly or LatLngMultiPoly.

Parameters:

• cells (iterable of H3 cells)

• tight (bool) – If True, return LatLngPoly if possible. If False, always return LatLngMultiPoly.

Return type:

LatLngPoly | LatLngMultiPoly

Examples

>>> cells = ['8428309ffffffff', '842830dffffffff']
>>> h3.cells_to_h3shape(cells, tight=True)
<LatLngPoly: [10]>
>>> h3.cells_to_h3shape(cells, tight=False)
<LatLngMultiPoly: [10]>

h3.child_pos_to_cell(parent, res_child, child_pos)

Get child H3 cell from a parent cell, child resolution, and child position index.

The reverse operation can be done with cell_to_child_pos.

Parameters:

• parent (H3Cell)

• res_child (int) – Child cell resolution

• child_pos (int) – Integer position of child cell, releative to parent.

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.compact_cells(cells)

Compact a collection of H3 cells by combining smaller cells into larger cells, if all child cells are present. Input cells must all share the same resolution.

Parameters:

cells (iterable of H3 Cells)

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.directed_edge_to_boundary(edge)

Returns points representing the edge (line of points describing the boundary between two cells).

Parameters:

edge (H3Edge)

Return type:

tuple of (lat, lng) tuples

h3.directed_edge_to_cells(e)

Return (origin, destination) tuple from H3 directed edge

Parameters:

e (H3Edge)

Returns:

• H3Cell – Origin cell of edge

• H3Cell – Destination cell of edge

h3.edge_length(e, unit='km')

Compute the spherical length of a specific H3 edge.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• unit (str) – Unit for length result ('km', 'm', or 'rads')

Return type:

The length of the edge in the given units

Notes

This function uses the spherical distance calculation given by great_circle_distance().

h3.geo_to_cells(geo, res)

Convert from __geo_interface__ to cells.

Parameters:

• geo (an object implementing __geo_interface__ or a dictionary in that format.) – Both LatLngPoly and LatLngMultiPoly implement the interface.

• res (int) – Resolution of desired output cells.

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.geo_to_h3shape(geo)

Translate from __geo_interface__ to H3Shape.

geo either implements __geo_interface__ or is a dict matching the format

Return type:

H3Shape

h3.get_base_cell_number(h)

Return the base cell number (0 to 121) of the given cell.

The base cell number and the H3Index are two different representations of the same cell: the parent cell of resolution 0.

The base cell number is encoded within the corresponding H3Index.

todo: could work with edges

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Return type:

int

h3.get_directed_edge_destination(e)

Destination cell from an H3 directed edge.

Parameters:

e (H3Edge)

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.get_directed_edge_origin(e)

Origin cell from an H3 directed edge.

Parameters:

e (H3Edge)

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.get_icosahedron_faces(h)

Return icosahedron faces intersecting a given H3 cell.

There are twenty possible faces, ranging from 0–19.

Note: Every interface returns a Python set of int.

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Return type:

Python set of int

h3.get_num_cells(res)

Return the total number of cells (hexagons and pentagons) for the given resolution.

Return type:

int

h3.get_pentagons(res)

Return all pentagons at a given resolution.

Parameters:

res (int) – Resolution of the pentagons

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

h3.get_res0_cells()

Return all cells at resolution 0.

Parameters:

None

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.get_resolution(h)

Return the resolution of an H3 cell.

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Return type:

int

h3.great_circle_distance(latlng1, latlng2, unit='km')

Compute the spherical distance between two (lat, lng) points. AKA: great circle distance or “haversine” distance.

todo: overload to allow two cell inputs?

Parameters:

• latlng1 (tuple) – (lat, lng) tuple in degrees

• latlng2 (tuple) – (lat, lng) tuple in degrees

• unit (str) – Unit for distance result ('km', 'm', or 'rads')

Return type:

The spherical distance between the points in the given units

h3.grid_disk(h, k=1)

Return unordered collection of cells with grid distance <= k from h. That is, the “filled-in” disk.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• k (int) – Size of disk.

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.grid_distance(h1, h2)

Compute the grid distance between two cells.

The grid distance is defined as the length of the shortest path between the cells in the graph formed by connecting adjacent cells.

This function will raise an exception if the cells are too far apart to compute the distance.

Parameters:

• h1 (H3Cell)

• h2 (H3Cell)

Return type:

int

h3.grid_path_cells(start, end)

Returns the ordered collection of cells denoting a minimum-length non-unique path between cells.

Parameters:

• start (H3Cell)

• end (H3Cell)

Returns:

Starting with start, and ending with end.

Return type:

ordered collection of H3Cell

h3.grid_ring(h, k=1)

Return unordered collection of cells with grid distance == k from h. That is, the “hollow” ring.

Parameters:

• h (H3Cell)

• k (int) – Size of ring.

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.h3shape_to_cells(h3shape, res)

Return the collection of H3 cells at a given resolution whose center points are contained within an LatLngPoly or LatLngMultiPoly.

Parameters:

• h3shape (H3Shape)

• res (int) – Resolution of the output cells

Return type:

list of H3Cell

Examples

>>> poly = LatLngPoly(
...     [(37.68, -122.54), (37.68, -122.34), (37.82, -122.34),
...      (37.82, -122.54)],
... )
>>> h3.h3shape_to_cells(poly, 6)
['862830807ffffff',
 '862830827ffffff',
 '86283082fffffff',
 '862830877ffffff',
 '862830947ffffff',
 '862830957ffffff',
 '86283095fffffff']

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.h3shape_to_geo(h3shape)

Translate from an H3Shape to a __geo_interface__ dict.

h3shape should be either LatLngPoly or LatLngMultiPoly

Return type:

dict

h3.int_to_str(x)

Converts an H3 64-bit integer index to a hexadecimal string.

Parameters:

x (int) – Unsigned 64-bit integer

Returns:

Hexadecimal string like '89754e64993ffff'

Return type:

str

h3.is_pentagon(h)

Identify if an H3 cell is a pentagon.

Parameters:

h (H3Index)

Returns:

True if input is a valid H3 cell which is a pentagon.

Return type:

bool

Notes

A pentagon should also pass is_valid_cell(). Will return False for valid H3Edge.

h3.is_res_class_III(h)

Determine if cell has orientation “Class II” or “Class III”.

The orientation of pentagons/hexagons on the icosahedron can be one of two types: “Class II” or “Class III”.

All cells within a resolution have the same type, and the type alternates between resolutions.

“Class II” cells have resolutions: 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14 “Class III” cells have resolutions: 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15

Parameters:

h (H3Cell)

Returns:

True if h is “Class III”. False if h is “Class II”.

Return type:

bool

References

1. https://uber.github.io/h3/#/documentation/core-library/coordinate-systems

h3.is_valid_cell(h)

Validates an H3 cell (hexagon or pentagon).

Return type:

bool

h3.is_valid_directed_edge(edge)

Validates an H3 unidirectional edge.

Return type:

bool

h3.is_valid_vertex(v)

Validates an H3 vertex.

Return type:

bool

h3.latlng_to_cell(lat, lng, res)

Return the cell containing the (lat, lng) point for a given resolution.

Return type:

H3Cell

h3.local_ij_to_cell(origin, i, j)

Return cell at local (i,j) position relative to the origin cell.

Parameters:

• origin (H3Cell) – Origin/central cell for defining i,j coordinates.

• i (int) – Integer coordinates with respect to origin cell.

• j (int) – Integer coordinates with respect to origin cell.

Return type:

H3Cell at local (i,j) position relative to the origin cell

Notes

The origin cell does not define (0, 0) for the IJ coordinate space. (0, 0) refers to the center of the base cell containing origin at the resolution of origin. Subtracting the IJ coordinates of origin from every cell would get you the property of (0, 0) being the origin.

This is done so we don’t need to keep recomputing the coordinates of origin if not needed.

h3.origin_to_directed_edges(origin)

Return all directed edges starting from origin cell.

Parameters:

origin (H3Cell)

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Edge

h3.polygon_to_cells(h3shape, res)

Alias for h3shape_to_cells.

h3.str_to_int(h)

Converts a hexadecimal string to an H3 64-bit integer index.

Parameters:

h (str) – Hexadecimal string like '89754e64993ffff'

Returns:

Unsigned 64-bit integer

Return type:

int

h3.uncompact_cells(cells, res)

Reverse the compact_cells operation.

Return a collection of H3 cells, all of resolution res.

Parameters:

• cells (iterable of H3Cell)

• res (int) – Resolution of desired output cells.

Return type:

unordered collection of H3Cell

Notes

There is currently no guaranteed order of the output cells.

h3.versions()

Version numbers for the Python (wrapper) and C (wrapped) libraries.

Versions are output as strings of the form 'X.Y.Z'. C and Python should match on X (major) and Y (minor), but may differ on Z (patch).

Return type:

dict like {'c': 'X.Y.Z', 'python': 'A.B.C'}

h3.vertex_to_latlng(v)

Return latitude and longitude of a vertex.

Returns:

• lat (float) – Latitude

• lng (float) – Longitude